About the data
Data as of Oct 20, 2026. Every figure on this site comes from the public sources below.
What each figure covers
| Figure | Area it covers | How we label it |
|---|---|---|
| Jobs (employment) and pay | Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA-NH metro area (MSA 14460) | Greater Boston |
| 10-year growth and yearly openings | Massachusetts statewide | Massachusetts, 2024–2034 |
| Typical education, experience, on-the-job training | United States | Typical U.S. entry requirements |
| AI exposure and observed AI use | United States, by occupation (not location-specific) | AI exposure (national research) |
| Training programs | Title IV colleges and schools in the Boston metro area | Programs near Boston |
| Construction employers | City of Boston development projects covered by the Boston Residents Jobs Policy | On Boston construction projects |
None of these sources publish figures for the City of Boston alone. “Greater Boston” is the Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA-NH metro area.
How AI exposure is measured
AI exposure is how much of a job’s work AI tools can do or help with, based on national research. It is not a forecast of job loss. A job with higher exposure may change a lot, and people in it may use AI tools every day, but that does not mean the job goes away.
The exposure index (0 to 100) is the average of three research measures, each turned into a percentile of all jobs: AI Occupational Exposure (AIOE), Language-model AIOE, and GPTs-are-GPTs. Most jobs have all three; a few have one or two. Under 34 is “Lower”, 34 to 66 is “Moderate”, and 67 and up is “Higher”. 32 jobs are not covered by this research.
“Observed AI use today” comes from the Anthropic Economic Index, which measures how often AI is actually used for a job’s tasks: “Little or none”, “Some” or “Substantial”.
The outlook text, the “Likely to change” and “Still relies on people” lists, and the reasons on next-step cards are written with AI (Claude) from the data shown on each job page. Next-step jobs are first chosen from the data: jobs in Greater Boston that pay at least as much, have lower AI exposure, are steady or growing in Massachusetts, and need at most a step or two more education, ranked by how closely O*NET relates them. AI only picks among those and explains the move.
What is not here yet
- There are no projections for the City of Boston alone. Pay and jobs are for Greater Boston; growth is for Massachusetts.
- There is no “recent growth” history. Growth is the 2024–2034 Massachusetts projection only.
- Training lists cover colleges and schools in federal education data (IPEDS). They do not include the City’s own partner programs or apprenticeships. Distances are measured from Boston City Hall, and some schools are up to 61 miles away.
- Employer lists cover construction only, from the Boston Residents Jobs Policy reports. They show hours already worked, not job openings.
- The match from construction trades to jobs was made by hand by the project team. For example, Plumber, Pipefitter and Steamfitter all count toward Plumbers, Pipefitters and Steamfitters.
Sources, licenses and citations
BLS Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics, May 2025
Covers: Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA-NH metro area
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Public domain.
Massachusetts long-term occupational projections 2024-2034 (via Projections Central)
Covers: Massachusetts (statewide)
Massachusetts Department of Economic Research, published through Projections Central. Public government data.
BLS Employment Projections 2025-35, education and training
Covers: United States
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Public domain.
Covers: United States
O*NET 31.0 Database, U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration (USDOL/ETA). CC BY 4.0.
AI Occupational Exposure (Felten, Raj & Seamans)
Covers: United States
Felten, E., Raj, M. and Seamans, R. (2021). Occupational, industry, and geographic exposure to artificial intelligence. Strategic Management Journal 42(12): 2195–2217. Used with attribution.
GPTs are GPTs occupation exposure (Eloundou et al.)
Covers: United States
Eloundou, T., Manning, S., Mishkin, P. and Rock, D. GPTs are GPTs. MIT License.
Anthropic Economic Index, observed exposure
Covers: United States
Anthropic Economic Index. CC BY.
IPEDS Completions 2023-24 and Institutional Characteristics
Covers: Boston-Cambridge-Newton metro area
National Center for Education Statistics, IPEDS. Public domain.
Boston Residents Jobs Policy compliance reports
Covers: City of Boston construction projects
City of Boston, Analyze Boston. Open Data Commons PDDL.